DEVLET İŞLETMELERİNİN YENİ
EKONOMİK SİSTEMDEKİ ROLÜ ÜZERİNE
Prof. Dr. Cusup PİRİMBAYEV - KTMÜ
Doç. Dr. Ayılçı SARIBAYEV - KMÜ
ÖZET
Serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçiş süreci ile doğal olarak
ortaya çıkan özelleştirme uygulamaları farklı ülkelerde
farklı sonuçlar vermiştir. Geçiş ekonomileri bu konuda ortak
sorunlarla karşılaşmak ile birlikte ülkenin iktisadi
yapısına ve diğer sosyal ve ekonomik koşullar istenilen
sonuca ulaşılmasını engellemiştir. Ancak temel sorunlardan
biri de devletin ekonomideki rolü ile beraber devlet
işletmelerinin rolü ne olması gerektiğine
ilişkin olmuştur.
Bu çalışmada 1991 yılı sonrası Kırgızistan’da
yaşanan ekonomik gerileme ve yatırımları arttırma sorunları
ile devlet işletmelerinin nasıl bir rol üstlenmesi
gerektiği, günümüze kadar yapılmış olan reformlar sonucu
üzerinde tartışılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Geçiş Ekonomileri
Kamu İşletmeleri
Özelleştirme
Girişimcilik
ABSTRACT
As known, in
developed countries as well as developing countries, both
public and private sectors play an important role in their
economies. The developed countries are assumed to achieve
this level of development through open market ekonomixs
where the private industries are strongly encouraged. İt is
also claimed that a balanced level of development could be
achieved among the Thrird World Countries with the very same
open market trategies. But the reality is more likely to be
as both E Hansen and P. SAmuelson suggested, with a halth
combination of private and public sectors, hand in hand,
which we call: Mixed Economics Systems. A country can achiev
economic stability with a maxed economicc system where more
emphasis is on the public sector. Stablity is composed of
two components: price stability and full factors of
production. Although these two components seem to contradict
eachother, their harmony is the important requirement of a
stable economy. Similarly Kyrgyzstan shall follw a similar
path within this framwork. Afterthe collapse of the Soviet
Union, Kyrgyzstan gave the prior attention to privatizasion
of small and middle sized businesses instead of applying the
rules of a mixed economic system. But unfortunately this
privatizasion has given relatively nagtive results due to
the fact that no infrastructural arrangements were made such
as technology, marketing, distribution. İn fact, what had to
be done was, developing the large scale businesses and
improving the infrastructure of small and middle size
businsses with loans from İnternational Economic
Organizations. A cost benefit analysis for both large scale
and middle-small sized businesses should have been made. The
most important factor is being able to perpare a legal
infrastructure to create confidence and trust both
internally and externally. İt is crucial to avoid corruption.
Non-market output as well as tax evasion and promote strong
cooperation with neighboring countries. Between 1998 and
2002, the Kırgız public businesses made great losses most
definitely due to the failures that were mentoined above.
Achieving a stable development is very well possible with
the existence of these public businesses. Just like China,
by obeying the international production and competition
standards it is possible to manage a stable development as
long as interest politics is avoidedfrom these sectors.
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